Controllable behaviors of spatiotemporal breathers in a generalized variable-coefficient nonlinear Schrodinger model from arterial mechanics and optical fibers

We study the (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger equation with different distributed transverse diffraction and dispersion based on the similarity transformation and obtain exact spatiotemporal breather solutions. Based on these solutions, two kinds of combined Akhmediev breather and Kuznetsov-Ma soliton display their controllable properties by modulating the values of the maximum effective distance Z(m) and the effective distance at peak of breather Z(0). Our results indicate that the relation between Z(m) and Z(0) is the basis to realize the control and manipulation of propagation behaviors of breathers, such as complete excitation, sustainment, restraint and recurrence. These results are potentially useful for future experiments in various blood vessels, optical communications, and long-haul telecommunication networks.