Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever serosurvey in at-risk professionals, Madagascar, 2008 and 2009

Background: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic arboviral infection with hemorrhagic manifestation and often a fatal ending. Human become infected mainly through tick bite or by crushing infected tick, by contact with blood or tissues from viraemic livestock or patient. CCHF virus (CCHFV) has been isolated once in Madagascar but data on the epidemiology of the disease in the country are very scarce. Objectives: To investigate the circulation and the geographic distribution of CCHFV infection among at risk population in Madagascar. Study design: A national cross-sectional serologic survey was performed in 2008-2009 among slaughterhouse workers. Results: A total of 1995 workers were included. A recent CCHFV infection was detected in 1 of the 1995 participants (0.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0-0.15%), and a past CCHFV infection was detected in 15 participants (0.75%; 95% CI: 0.37-1.13%). Conclusion: Overall, the percentage of CCHFV infection seen in Madagascar among at-risk professionals is very low compared to endemic countries. An assessment of the prevalence in livestock as a sensitive indicator of CCHFV activity must be considered in order to confirm the lack or the weak endemicity of CCHF in Madagascar. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.