Poor oral hygiene and gingivitis are associated with obesity and overweight status in paediatric subjects

Aim: The association between obesity and periodontitis has been extensively investigated in adults but not in young people. Our aim is to evaluate whether overweight/obese paediatric patients have a greater chance of being affected by gingivitis than those of normal weight. Subjects and Methods: Ninety-eight subjects ranging between 10 and 17 years of age were classified as obese/overweight or normal weight on the basis of body mass index. Auxological data, blood pressure, insulin resistance, psychological profile, oral hygiene habits, plaque and gingival indices were collected. Results: Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were significantly higher in overweight/obese subjects than in the normal-weight subjects (p < 0001). The overweight/obese subjects showed a worse attitude towards oral hygiene. Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of obesity status (p < 0001) on the gingival index. Logistic and linear regression analyses identified gingivitis as dependent on insulin resistance and bad oral hygiene rather than on the overweight/obese status simply defined. Negative psychological features related to physical and academic self-concept were also risk factors for gingivitis probably because they were related to a generic poor self-awareness. Conclusion: The gingivitis observed in overweight and obese young subjects is probably due to a combination of metabolic and inflammatory profiles and neglected attitude towards oral hygiene.