Local and systemic biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid increase odds of periodontitis

P>Aim To determine the independent and combined associations of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) on periodontitis case status in the Australian population. Materials and Methods GCF was collected from 939 subjects selected from the 2004-2006 Australian National Survey of Adult Oral Health: 430 cases had examiner-diagnosed periodontitis, and 509 controls did not. IL-1 beta and CRP in GCF were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in bivariate and stratified analysis and fully adjusted ORs were estimated using multivariate logistic regression. Results Greater odds of having periodontitis was associated with higher amounts of IL-1 beta (OR=2.4, 95% CI=1.7-3.4 for highest tertile of IL-1 beta relative to lowest tertile) and CRP (OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.5-2.5 for detectable CRP relative to undetectable CRP). In stratified analysis, there was no significant interaction between biomarkers (p=0.68). In the multivariate analyses that controlled for conventional periodontal risk factors, these relationships remained (IL-1 beta OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.1-2.6; CRP OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.3-2.3). Conclusions: Elevated odds of clinical periodontitis was associated independently with each biomarker. This suggests that people with elevated biomarkers indicative of either local (IL-1 beta) or systemic (CRP) inflammation are more likely to suffer from periodontal disease.