期刊
NEW PHYTOLOGIST
卷 208, 期 1, 页码 162-173出版社
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/nph.13435
关键词
ABA; Arabidopsis thaliana; flg22; guard cells; innate immunity; microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP); S-type anion channel; stomata
资金
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [GK 1342]
- Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD)
- Mersin University, Scientific Research Project Unit (BAP)
- European Social Fund (Mobilitas Top Researchers grant) [MTT9]
- European Research Council under the European Union [250194-Carnivorom]
During infection plants recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), and this leads to stomatal closure. This study analyzes the molecular mechanisms underlying this MAMP response and its interrelation with ABA signaling. Stomata in intact Arabidopsis thaliana plants were stimulated with the bacterial MAMP flg22, or the stress hormone ABA, by using the noninvasive nanoinfusion technique. Intracellular double-barreled microelectrodes were applied to measure the activity of plasma membrane ion channels. Flg22 induced rapid stomatal closure and stimulated the SLAC1 and SLAH3 anion channels in guard cells. Loss of both channels resulted in cells that lacked flg22-induced anion channel activity and stomata that did not close in response to flg22 or ABA. Rapid flg22-dependent stomatal closure was impaired in plants that were flagellin receptor (FLS2)-deficient, as well as in the ost1-2 (Open Stomata 1) mutant, which lacks a key ABA-signaling protein kinase. By contrast, stomata of the ABA protein phosphatase mutant abi1-1 (ABscisic acid Insensitive 1) remained flg22-responsive. These data suggest that the initial steps in flg22 and ABA signaling are different, but that the pathways merge at the level of OST1 and lead to activation of SLAC1 and SLAH3 anion channels.
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