期刊
NEW PHYTOLOGIST
卷 209, 期 1, 页码 407-417出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/nph.13576
关键词
ancestral state reconstruction; anthocyanins; carotenoids; flower color evolution; phenotypic convergence; phylogenetic signal; pigment pathway; Solanaceae
资金
- National Science Foundation [NSF-DEB 1413855, CNS-0821794]
- Division Of Environmental Biology [1413855] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Phenotypic convergence is rampant throughout the tree of life. While recent studies have made significant progress in ascertaining the proximate mechanisms underlying convergent phenotypes, less is known about the frequency and predictability with which convergent phenotypes arise via the same or multiple pathways at the macroevolutionary scale. We investigated the proximate causes and evolutionary patterns of red flower color in the tomato family, Solanaceae, using large-scale data mining and new sequence data to reconstruct a megaphylogeny of 1341 species. We then combined spectral and anatomical data to assess how many times red flowers have evolved, the relative contribution of different pathways to independent origins of red, and whether the underlying pathway is predicted by phylogenetic relatedness. We estimated at least 30 relatively recent origins of red flowers using anthocyanins, carotenoids, or a dual production of both pigments, with significant phylogenetic signal in the use of anthocyanins and dual production, indicating that closely related red-flowered species tend to employ the same mechanism for coloration. Our study is the first to test whether developmental pathways exhibit phylogenetic signal and implies that historical contingency strongly influences the evolution of new phenotypes.
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