期刊
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
卷 373, 期 27, 页码 2654-2662出版社
MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1500587
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资金
- Jazz Pharmaceuticals
- Eisai
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals
- Prexa Pharmaceuticals
- Merck
Narcolepsy, one of the most common causes of chronic sleepiness, affects about 1 in 2000 people. Despite the frequency of narcolepsy, the average time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis is 5 to 15 years, and narcolepsy may remain undiagnosed in as many as half of all affected people with narcolepsy, since many clinicians are unfamiliar with this disorder. 1 Fortunately, awareness of narcolepsy and other sleep disorders is increasing, and over the past several years researchers have made great progress in understanding narcolepsy. Clinicians now recognize two types of narcolepsy. Type 1 is caused by extensive loss of hypothalamic neurons that produce the neuropeptides orexin-A and -B (also referred to as hypocretin-1 and -2); type 2 includes most of the same symptoms, but its cause is unknown. This review focuses on the symptoms and pathologic and neurobiologic features of narcolepsy and provides a framework for diagnosis and effective treatment.
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