Clinical Evaluation of Multiple Inflammation Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis for Patients with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

A multiplexed biomarker bundle consisting of nine different inflammation markers was evaluated regarding their diagnostic and prognostic performances in 159 adult systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) patients enrolled at the emergency department. Fibronectin, interleukin-8 (IL-8), biotin, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were the most robust markers but were not superior to the already established markers IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR).