Splenic Rupture in a Plasma Cell Leukemia, Mobilized with G-CSF for Autologous Stem Cell Transplant

Splenic rupture (SR) is a rare adverse event observed in patients treated with G-CSF as a peripheral hematopoietic stem cell (PHSC) mobilizing agent, mostly in myeloma multiple and amiloidosis; to date, to our knowledge, it has not been previously described in plasma-cell leukemia (PCL). We report a case of a woman with PCL, who presented a SR after PHSC mobilization with Cyclophosphamide+G-CSF. The spleen removed showed hematopoietic foci and amiloid material. In the course of a second mobilization, 2 months after, the patient died from sepsis. We considered it important to report this case, in order to keep in mind the possibility of SR in patients with malignant gammopathy. J. Clin. Apheresis 25:223-225. 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.