期刊
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
卷 26, 期 19, 页码 7352-7371出版社
AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00557.1
关键词
Arctic; Ice sheets; Climate models; Coupled models
资金
- Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) project
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research and Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
- Regional Arctic System Modeling project
- BER
- National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs
- DOE National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
- Marie Curie Incoming International Fellowship at Utrecht University
- National Science Foundation [ATM-0917755, ANT-1103686]
- National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy
- National Science Foundation
- Office of Science of the Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
- NSF [ANT-0424589]
- NASA [NNX10AT68G]
- Office of Polar Programs (OPP)
- Directorate For Geosciences [1103686] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The Glimmer Community Ice Sheet Model (Glimmer-CISM) has been implemented in the Community Earth System Model (CESM). Glimmer-CISM is forced by a surface mass balance (SMB) computed in multiple elevation classes in the CESM land model and downscaled to the ice sheet grid. Ice sheet evolution is governed by the shallow-ice approximation with thermomechanical coupling and basal sliding. This paper describes and evaluates the initial model implementation for the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS). The ice sheet model was spun up using the SMB from a coupled CESM simulation with preindustrial forcing. The model's sensitivity to three key ice sheet parameters was explored by running an ensemble of 100 GIS simulations to quasi equilibrium and ranking each simulation based on multiple diagnostics. With reasonable parameter choices, the steady-state GIS geometry is broadly consistent with observations. The simulated ice sheet is too thick and extensive, however, in some marginal regions where the SMB is anomalously positive. The top-ranking simulations were continued using surface forcing from CESM simulations of the twentieth century (1850-2005) and twenty-first century (2005-2100, with RCP8.5 forcing). In these simulations the GIS loses mass, with a resulting global-mean sea level rise of 16 mm during 1850-2005 and 60 mm during 2005-2100. This mass loss is caused mainly by increased ablation near the ice sheet margin, offset by reduced ice discharge to the ocean. Projected sea level rise is sensitive to the initial geometry, showing the importance of realistic geometry in the spun-up ice sheet.
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