期刊
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
卷 43, 期 -, 页码 59-70出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.01.001
关键词
Environmental protection; Hazardous waste; Struvite; Response surface optimisation; Green process
资金
- Department of Science and Technology, Government of India under DST-FIST Program
Ammonium nitrogen present in high concentration in ammoniacal waste was recovered through chemical precipitation as magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate known as struvite with new approaches. For the first time, in such investigations, a central composite design of response surface methodology was adopted to optimise the process parameters in terms of pH, concentration of ammonium nitrogen, phosphate and magnesium salts during precipitation and recovery of struvite. A new membrane-integrated continuous approach ensured very efficient downstream separation and recovery (95%) of struvite and simultaneous purification of water for reuse. This ensured protection of surface water from chemical contamination by a hazardous waste stream. Exhaustive characterisation of the product struvite was done from different angles using scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermo-gravimetric analysis and electron diffraction spectroscopy. Findings indicate that with appropriate approaches, hazardous ammoniacal waste under response surface optimised conditions can be efficiently converted simultaneously into a pure, value-added struvite by-product and reusable water. Investigations culminated in an environmentally benign process towards tackling an environmental problem of the industries that generate ammoniacal waste. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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