期刊
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
卷 19, 期 2-3, 页码 108-120出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.01.001
关键词
Biofuels; LCA; Direct land use changes; Energy balance; Greenhouse gas emissions; Eutrophication
资金
- Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research (MISTRA)
- Swedish Energy Agency
This paper analyses biofuels from agricultural crops in northern Europe regarding area and energy efficiency, greenhouse gases and eutrophication. The overall findings are that direct land use changes have a significant impact on GHG balances and eutrophication for all biofuels, the choice of calculation methods when by-products are included affecting the performance of food crop-based biofuels considerably, and the technical design of production systems may in specific cases be of major importance. The presented results are essential knowledge for the development of certification systems. Indirect land use changes are recognised but not included due to current scientific and methodological deficiencies. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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