Retinol (Vitamin A) Maintains Self-Renewal of Pluripotent Male Germline Stem Cells (mGSCs) From Adult Mouse Testis

Studies have shown that male germline stem cells (mGSCs), which are responsible for maintaining spermatogenesis in the male, could be obtained from mouse and human testis. However, the traditional cultural methods were mostly dependent on serum and feeder, and the initial mGSCs were either obtained from neonatal mice or the detailed description of its potency and origin was not provided. Here we reported a novel (retinol (RE) serum-free and feeder-free) system for the successful culture of adult germline stem cells from adult Kunming mice (8-24 weeks) testis. The isolated mGSCs cultured in RE serum-free and feeder-free medium maintained the typical morphology of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and they proliferated well in RE medium analyzed by proliferation assay, RT-PCR, microarray, and Western blotting. These cells also showed typical properties of ESCs (alkaline phosphatase (AP) positive, expressions of Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and SSEA1, with the capacity to form teratomas and differentiate into various types of cells within three germ layers). Taken together, we conclude that RE promotes the self-renewal of mGSCs and maintains the pluripotency of mGSCs, the RE serum-free and feeder-free system may be useful for the culture of pluripotent stem cell lines from adult testis tissues, which provides a new resource for tissue engineering and therapy for infertility. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1009-1021, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.