期刊
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
卷 14, 期 11, 页码 2592-2603出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01127.x
关键词
toll-like receptors; endogenous ligands; sterile inflammation; molecular medicine
资金
- Ph.D. Program Foundation of Ministry of Education of China [20090171110029]
- Yuexiu Science and Technology Bureau of Guangzhou, China [2005-WS-001, 2008-WS-003]
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of pattern recognition receptors, recognize and respond to conserved components of microbes and play a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immunity. In addition to binding exogenous ligands derived from pathogens, TLRs interact with endogenous molecules released from damaged tissues or dead cells and regulate many sterile inflammation processes. Putative endogenous TLR ligands include proteins and peptides, polysaccharides and proteoglycan, nucleic acids and phospholipids, which are cellular components, particularly extracellular matrix degradation products. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that endogenous ligand-mediated TLR signalling is involved in pathological conditions such as tissue injury, repair and regeneration; autoimmune diseases and tumorigenesis. The ability of TLRs to recognize endogenous stimulators appears to be essential to their function in regulating noninfectious inflammation. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of endogenous TLR ligands and discuss the biological significance of TLR signalling triggered by endogenous ligands in several sterile inflammation conditions.
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