期刊
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
卷 122, 期 20, 页码 3772-3779出版社
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/jcs.057026
关键词
CRM1; Nrf2; Nitric oxide; Nitrosation; Nitrosylation; Nuclear export
类别
资金
- National Basic Research Program of China [2006CB911001, 2005CB522804]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [30270352, 30770512]
- US National Institutes of Health [P50 GM082545]
The karyopherin chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1) is the major receptor for classical nuclear protein export. However, little is known about the regulation of CRM1 itself. Here, we report that cellular CRM1 became S-nitrosylated after extensive exposure to endogenous or exogenous nitric oxide (NO). This abrogated the interaction of CRM1 with nuclear export signals (NESs) and repressed classical protein export. Analysis by mass spectrometry and involving the use of S-nitrosylation mimetic mutations indicated that modification at either of two specific cysteines of CRM1 was sufficient to abolish the CRM1-NES association. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of the corresponding S-nitrosylation-resistant CRM1 mutants rescued NO-induced repression of nuclear export. We also found that inactivation of CRM1 by NO facilitated the nuclear accumulation of the antioxidant response transcription factor Nrf2 and transcriptional activation of Nrf2-controlled genes. Together, these data demonstrate that CRM1 is negatively regulated by S-nitrosylation under nitrosative stress. We speculate that this is important for promoting a cytoprotective transcriptional response to nitrosative stress.
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