Comparison of two methods for calculating the frictional properties of articular cartilage using a simple pendulum and intact mouse knee joints

In attempts to better understand the etiology of osteoarthritis, a debilitating joint disease that results in the degeneration of articular cartilage (AC) in synovial joints, researchers have focused on joint tribology, the study of joint friction. lubrication, and wear. Several different approaches have been used to investigate the frictional properties of articular cartilage. In this study, we examined two analysis methods for calculating the coefficient of friction (mu) using a simple pendulum system and BL6 murine knee joints (n = 10) as the fulcrum. A Stanton linear decay model (Lin mu) and an exponential model that accounts for viscous damping (Exp mu) were fit to the decaying pendulum oscillations. Root mean square error (RMSE), asymptotic standard error (ASE), and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated to evaluate the fit and measurement precision of each model. This investigation demonstrated that while Lin mu was more repeatable, based on CV (5.0% for Lin mu: 18% for Exp mu), Exp mu provided a better fitting model, based on RMSE (0.165 degrees for Exp mu; 0.391 degrees for Lin mu) and ASE (0.033 for Exp mu: 0.185 for Lin mu), and had a significantly lower coefficient of friction value (0.022 +/- 0.007 for Exp mu; 0.042 +/- 0.016 for Lin mu) (p = 0.001). This study details the use of a simple pendulum for examining cartilage properties in situ that will have applications investigating cartilage mechanics in a variety of species. The Exp mu model provided a more accurate fit to the experimental data for predicting the frictional properties of intact joints in pendulum systems. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.