Diagnostic devices as biomaterials: a review of nucleic acid and protein microarray surface performance issues

This review of current DNA and protein microarray diagnostic and bio-analytical technologies focuses on the different surface chemistries used in these miniaturized surface-capture formats. Description Of Current strategies in bio-immobilization and coupling to create multiplexed affinity bioassays in micrometer-si zed printed spots, problems with current formats and review of some detection methods are included. Recommendations for improving long-standing challenges in DNA and protein-based arrays are forwarded. The biomaterials community can contribute relevant expertise to these formidable bio-interfacial problems that represent significant barriers to clinical implementation of microarray assays.