H-Cluster assembly during maturation of the [FeFe]-hydrogenase

The organometallic H-cluster at the active site of the [FeFe]-hydrogenase serves as the site of reversible binding and reduction of protons to produce H-2. The H-cluster is unique in biology, and consists of a 2Fe subcluster tethered to a typical [4Fe-4S] cluster by a single cysteine ligand. The remaining ligands to the 2Fe subcluster include three carbon monoxides, two cyanides, and a dithiomethylamine. This mini-review will focus on the significant advances in recent years in understanding the pathway for H-cluster biosynthesis, as well as the structures, roles, and mechanisms of the three enzymes directly involved.