Importin 8 Regulates the Transport of Mature MicroRNAs into the Cell Nucleus

Background: The mechanism underlying the re-entering of mature miRNAs into the nucleus remains unknown. Results: IPO8 mediates the transport of mature miRNAs into the nucleus through binding to Ago2. Conclusion: IPO8 is a candidate carrier for nuclear import of mature miRNAs. Significance: This finding extends the gene regulatory network of miRNAs. Mature microRNAs (miRNAs), approximate to 22-nucleotide noncoding RNAs regulating target gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, have been recently shown to be transported into the nucleus where they modulate the biogenesis of other miRNAs or their own expression. However, the mechanism that governs the transport of mature miRNAs from cytoplasm to nucleus remains unknown. Here, we report that importin 8 (IPO8), a member of the karyopherin (also named the protein import receptor importin ) family, plays a critical role in mediating the cytoplasm-to-nucleus transport of mature miRNAs. Specifically knocking down IPO8 but not other karyopherin family proteins via siRNA significantly decreases the nuclear transport of various known nucleus-enriched miRNAs without affecting their total cellular levels. IPO8-mediated nuclear transport of mature miRNAs is also dependent on the association of IPO8 with the Argonaute 2 (Ago2) complex. Cross-immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis show that IPO8 is physically associated with Ago2. Knocking down IPO8 via siRNA markedly decreases the nuclear transport of Ago2 but does not affect the total cellular Ago2 level. Furthermore, dissociating the binding of miRNAs with Ago2 by trypaflavine strongly reduces the IPO8-mediated nuclear transport of miRNAs.