期刊
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
卷 289, 期 10, 页码 6799-6808出版社
AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M113.517987
关键词
Cyclooxygenase (COX) Pathway; Drug Action; Enzyme Structure; Protein Drug Interactions; X-ray Crystallography
资金
- National Institutes of Health Research and Training Grants [CA089450, GM15431, DA031572]
- National Institutes of Health from the NIGMS [P41 GM103403]
- United States DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
Background: The oxicams are anti-inflammatory drugs targeting the cyclooxygenase enzymes. Results: Crystal complexes of mCOX-2isoxicam, mCOX-2meloxicam, and oCOX-1meloxicam are solved. Conclusion: Oxicams bind to the cyclooxygenase active sites in a novel mode. Significance: The first structural description of cyclooxygenase-oxicam complexes reveal a new binding pocket of inhibitors to cyclooxygenases. Oxicams are widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but little is known about the molecular basis of the interaction with their target enzymes, the cyclooxygenases (COX). Isoxicam is a nonselective inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 whereas meloxicam displays some selectivity for COX-2. Here we report crystal complexes of COX-2 with isoxicam and meloxicam at 2.0 and 2.45 angstroms, respectively, and a crystal complex of COX-1 with meloxicam at 2.4 angstroms. These structures reveal that the oxicams bind to the active site of COX-2 using a binding pose not seen with other NSAIDs through two highly coordinated water molecules. The 4-hydroxyl group on the thiazine ring partners with Ser-530 via hydrogen bonding, and the heteroatom of the carboxamide ring of the oxicam scaffold interacts with Tyr-385 and Ser-530 through a highly coordinated water molecule. The nitrogen atom of the thiazine and the oxygen atom of the carboxamide bind to Arg-120 and Tyr-355 via another highly ordered water molecule. The rotation of Leu-531 in the structure opens a novel binding pocket, which is not utilized for the binding of other NSAIDs. In addition, a detailed study of meloxicamCOX-2 interactions revealed that mutation of Val-434 to Ile significantly reduces inhibition by meloxicam due to subtle changes around Phe-518, giving rise to the preferential inhibition of COX-2 over COX-1.
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