FcγR-driven Release of IL-6 by Macrophages Requires NOX2-dependent Production of Reactive Oxygen Species

Activation of the Fc gamma R via antigen containing immune complexes can lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species, which are potent signal transducing molecules. However, whether ROS contribute to Fc gamma R signaling has not been studied extensively. We set out to elucidate the role of NADPH oxidase generated ROS in macrophage activation following Fc gamma R engagement using antigen-containing immune complexes. We hypothesized that NOX2 generated ROS is necessary for propagation of downstream Fc gamma R signaling and initiation of the innate immune response. Following exposure of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) to inactivated Francisella tularensis (iFt)-containing immune complexes, we observed a significant increase in the innate inflammatory cytokine IL-6 at 24 h compared with macrophages treated with Ft LVS-containing immune complexes. Ligation of the Fc gamma R by opsonized Ft also results in significant ROS production. Macrophages lacking the gp91(phox) subunit of NOX2 fail to produce ROS upon Fc gamma R ligation, resulting in decreased Akt phosphorylation and a reduction in the levels of IL-6 compared with wild type macrophages. Similar results were seen following infection of BMDMs with catalase deficient Ft that fail to scavenge hydrogen peroxide. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that ROS participate in elicitation of an effective innate immune in response to antigen-containing immune complexes through Fc gamma R.