Pin1 Catalyzes Conformational Changes of Thr-187 in p27Kip1 and Mediates Its Stability through a Polyubiquitination Process

The cis-trans peptidylprolyl isomerase Pin1 plays a critical role in regulating a subset of phosphoproteins by catalyzing conformational changes on the phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro motifs. The phosphorylation-directed ubiquitination is one of the major mechanisms to regulate the abundance of p27(Kip1). In this study, we demonstrate that Pin1 catalyzes the cis-trans conformational changes of p27(Kip1) and further mediates its stability through the polyubiquitination mechanism. Our results show that the phosphorylated Thr-187-Pro motif in p27(Kip1) is a key Pin1-binding site. In addition, NMR analyses show that this phosphorylated Thr-187-Pro site undergoes conformational change catalyzed by Pin1. Moreover, in Pin1 knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts, p27(Kip1) has a shorter lifetime and displays a higher degree of polyubiquitination than in Pin1 wildtype mouse embryonic fibroblasts, suggesting that Pin1 plays a critical role in regulating p27(Kip1) degradation. Additionally, Pin1 dramatically reduces the interaction between p27(Kip1) and Cks1, possibly via isomerizing the cis-trans conformation of p27(Kip1). Our study thus reveals a novel regulatory mechanism for p27(Kip1) stability and sheds new light on the biological function of Pin1 as a general regulator of protein stability.