In Vivo Analysis of Protein Kinase B (PKB)/Akt Regulation in DNA-PKcs-null Mice Reveals a Role for PKB/Akt in DNA Damage Response and Tumorigenesis

Full activation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) requires phosphorylation on Thr-308 and Ser-473. It is well established that Thr-308 is phosphorylated by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1). Ser-473 phosphorylation is mediated by both mammalian target of rapamycin-rictor complex (mTORC2) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) depending on type of stimulus. However, the physiological role of DNA-PK in the regulation of PKB phosphorylation remains to be established. To address this, we analyzed basal, insulin-induced, and DNA damage-induced PKB Ser-473 phosphorylation in DNA-PK catalytic subunit-null DNA-PKcs(-/-) mice. Our results revealed that DNA-PK is required for DNA damage-induced phosphorylation but dispensable for insulin-and growth factor-induced PKB Ser-473 phosphorylation. Moreover, DNA-PKcs(-/-) mice showed a tissue- specific increase in basal PKB phosphorylation. In particular, persistent PKB hyperactivity in the thymus apparently contributed to spontaneous lymphomagenesis in DNAPKcs(-/-) mice. Significantly, these tumors could be prevented by deletion of PKB alpha. These findings reveal stimulus-specific regulation of PKB activation by specific upstream kinases and provide genetic evidence of PKB deregulation in DNA-PKcs(-/-) mice.