期刊
JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY
卷 149, 期 3, 页码 231-239出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvr001
关键词
cytokine; development; differentiation; hepatocyte; regeneration
资金
- Ministry of Education, Sports, Science, and Technology
- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan
- Takeda Science Foundation
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [21390365, 22790386, 22790271] Funding Source: KAKEN
Liver stem cells give rise to both hepatocytes and bile duct epithelial cells also known as cholangiocytes. During liver development hepatoblasts emerge from the foregut endoderm and give rise to both cell types. Colony-forming cells are present in the liver primordium and clonally expanded cells differentiate into either hepatocytes or cholangiocytes depending on culture conditions, showing stem cell characteristics. The growth and differentiation of hepatoblasts are regulated by various extrinsic signals. For example, periportal mesenchymal cells provide a cue for bipotential hepatoblasts to become cholangiocytes, and mesothelial cells covering the parenchyma support the expansion of foetal hepatocytes by producing growth factors. The adult liver has an extraordinary capacity to regenerate, and after 70% hepatectomy the liver recovers its original mass by replication of the remaining hepatocytes without the activation of liver stem cells. However, in certain types of liver injury models, liver stem/progenitor-like cells, known as oval cells in rodents, proliferate around the portal vein, while the roles of such cells in liver regeneration remain a matter of debate. Clonogenic and bipotential cells are also present in the normal adult liver. In this minireview we describe recent studies on liver stem/progenitor cells by focusing on extracellular signals.
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