期刊
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
卷 13, 期 11, 页码 722-736出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro3569
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资金
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) Intramural Research Program at the National Library of Medicine, US Department of Health and Human Services
- NIH [RO1 GM54682, RO1 GM99876]
- SIAM Gravitation Grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [024.002.002]
- NWO Vidi grant [864.11.005]
- European Research Council (ERC) Stg [639707]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Strategic Network Grant IBN
- NSERC Discovery grant
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery program)
- Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [B102014-53029]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [BA 2168/5-2]
- Danish Natural Science Research Council
- BBSRC [BB/M000400/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/M000400/1] Funding Source: researchfish
The evolution of CRISPR-cas loci, which encode adaptive immune systems in archaea and bacteria, involves rapid changes, in particular numerous rearrangements of the locus architecture and horizontal transfer of complete loci or individual modules. These dynamics complicate straightforward phylogenetic classification, but here we present an approach combining the analysis of signature protein families and features of the architecture of cas loci that unambiguously partitions most CRISPR-cas loci into distinct classes, types and subtypes. The new classification retains the overall structure of the previous version but is expanded to now encompass two classes, five types and 16 subtypes. The relative stability of the classification suggests that the most prevalent variants of CRISPR-Cas systems are already known. However, the existence of rare, currently unclassifiable variants implies that additional types and subtypes remain to be characterized.
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