Altered cleavage patterns in human tripronuclear embryos and their association to fertilization method: A time-lapse study

To analyze the cleavage patterns in dipronuclear (2PN) and tripronuclear (3PN) embryos in relation to fertilization method. Time-lapse analysis. Compared to 2PN, more 3PN IVF embryos displayed early cleavage into 3 cells (p < 0.001), displayed longer duration of the 3-cell stage (p < 0.001), and arrested development from the compaction stage and onwards (p < 0.001). For the IVF embryos, the 2nd and 3rd cleavage cycles were completed within the expected time frame. However, timing of the cell divisions within the cleavage cycles differed between the two groups. In contrast, the completion of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd cleavage cycle was delayed, but with a similar division pattern for 3PN ICSI compared with the 2PN ICSI embryos. 3PN, more often than 2PN ICSI embryos, displayed early cleavage into 3 cells (p = 0.03) and arrested development from the compaction stage and onwards (p = 0.001). More 3PN IVF than ICSI embryos displayed early cleavage into 3 cells (p < 0.001). This study reports differences in cleavage patterns between 2PN and 3PN embryos and for the first time demonstrates differences in the cleavage pattern between 3PN IVF and ICSI embryos.