Association between plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene mutation and different subgroups of recurrent miscarriage and implantation failure

To compare plasminogen activator inhibitor type1 (PAI-1) mutation rates in different groups of patients with the record of recurrent miscarriage (RM) or implantation failure (IF) with special emphasis on the number of missed pregnancies and/or implantation failures (RM a parts per thousand yenaEuro parts per thousand 2, IF a parts per thousand yenaEuro parts per thousand 2, RM + IF a parts per thousand yenaEuro parts per thousand 2, RM a parts per thousand yenaEuro parts per thousand 3, IF a parts per thousand yenaEuro parts per thousand 3 and RM + IF a parts per thousand yenaEuro parts per thousand 3). Case-control study from PCR products and RFLP data of DNA from blood of patients who referred to the infertility clinic including 595 patients (421 RM a parts per thousand yenaEuro parts per thousand 2, 119 IF a parts per thousand yenaEuro parts per thousand 2 and 55 RM + IF a parts per thousand yenaEuro parts per thousand 2) as the case groups and 100 healthy women as the control group. All six different subgroups of patients showed increased frequencies of the mutant allele (4G) in comparison to the control group (p < 0.001) suggesting a role for PAI-1 mutation in RM and IF. The different patient subgroups suffer similar rates of risk in developing RM and IF when compared to controls.