期刊
NATURE PHYSICS
卷 11, 期 12, 页码 1009-+出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/NPHYS3491
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资金
- Marsico Fund
- NSF [PHY-1125844]
- Division Of Physics
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1125844] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Boltzmann noticed that his transport equation predicts special cases in which gases never reach thermal equilibrium. One example is the monopole breathe mode of atoms confined in a perfectly isotropic three-dimensional (3D) harmonic potential(1). Such a complete absence of damping had not been observed in nature, and this anomaly weakened Boltzmann's then-controversial claim to have established a microscopic, atomistic basis for thermodynamics. Only recently has non-damping of a monopole mode in lower-dimensional systems been reported in cold-atom experiments performed in highly elongated trap geometries(2,3). The difficulty in generating a sufficiently spherical harmonic confinement for cold atoms has so far prevented the observation of Boltzmann's fully 3D, isotropic case. Here, thanks to a new magnetic trap(4) capable of producing near-spherical harmonic confinement for cold atoms, we report a long-delayed vindication for Boltzmann: the observation of a 3D monopole mode for which the collisional contribution to damping vanishes.
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