4.5 Article

Hafted armatures and multi-component tool design at the Micoquian site of Inden-Altdorf, Germany

期刊

JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
卷 38, 期 7, 页码 1699-1708

出版社

ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2011.03.001

关键词

Hafting residues; Micro-wear analysis; Lithic technology; Behavioural modernity; Micoquian; Eemian; Central Europe

资金

  1. Foundation 'Forderung der Archaologie im Rheinischen Braunkohlenrevier'
  2. University of the Philippines
  3. Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P 21372] Funding Source: researchfish

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Excavation of the Micoquian site Inden-Altdorf (Weisweiler-124) near the former German capital Bonn in western Germany has revealed the first valid open-site habitation features with hut-like structures and associated hearths for the Middle Palaeolithic in Central Europe. It has been dated to the Eemian interglacial (OIS 5e), a warm interglacial between 128 and 115 ka BR Various wear traces and especially organic residues have been detected on a large number of stone tools using microscopic use-wear analysis of lithics recovered from the site. A multi-level analysis developed through an experimental framework and archaeological study using optical light microscopes, scanning electron microscopes and energy-dispersive X-ray microprobes identified the adhering residues as birch pitch. Birch pitch is the oldest synthetically produced material and was used as an adhesive to attach lithic implements to wooden shafts. While such hafting technology is commonly associated with modern humans in the Upper Palaeolithic, the birch pitch residues found on the Micoquian tools of Inden-Altdorf suggest that hafting technologies and the frequent use of multi-component tools already existed in the Middle Palaeolithic, c. 120 ka BP in central Europe. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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