Undesirable Effects of Heating on Hydrogels

Heating is the most conventional drying method for removing water from as-synthesized hydrogels in laboratory and industry. In this article, the effects of the heating temperature (60-200 degrees C) and time (10 min-24 h) on swelling properties of highly absorbent hydrogels based on 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), acrylic acid (AA), potassium acrylate (KA), and acrylamide (AM) were studied. Crosslinkers methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) and poly(ethyleneglycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) were used in the syntheses. Depending on the hydrogel structural composition and its drying temperature and time, the swelling capacities were extremely changed. Generally, AA-, KA-, and AM-based hydrogels showed more hydrolytic-thermal stability than 04 corresponding AMPS-based hydrogels. MBA-crosslinked hydrogels generally exhibited higher Vulnerability against heating. Swelling of PEGDMA-crosslinked poly(AM-KA-AA) hydrogel was greatly increased after heating, whereas its analogous AM-free sample exhibited huge loss of swelling. PEGDMA-crosslinked poly(AMPS) samples also exhibited swelling reduction after drying. Rheological studies showed that the storage modulus was highly reduced (similar to 5200 Pa) after heating of MBA-crosslinked poly(AMPS) hydrogels, which reconfirmed the crosslink cleavage. Mechanistic discussions were proposed for the thermal-induced swelling changes. It was concluded that the chemical nature of both crosslinker and monomer must be taken into consideration to choose the temperature and time of the hydrogel drying. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 110: 3420-3430, 2008