Enhanced grain surface effect on magnetic properties of nanometric La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 manganite: Evidence of surface spin freezing of manganite nanoparticles

We have investigated the effect of nanometric grain size on magnetic properties of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 nanoparticles having average particle size (Phi) of similar to 17 nm. Temperature dependence of field-cooled (FC) and zero-FC (ZFC) dc magnetization indicate the existence of two different types of relaxation processes: a relatively high temperature regime where there is a broad maximum of the ZFC curve at T=T-max (>40 K) and another is a relatively low temperature regime that is characterized by a sharp maximum at T=T-S (approximate to 40 K). We believe that the broad maximum at T-max is associated with the blocking of core particle moments, whereas the sharp maximum at T-S is related to the freezing of surface spins. Waiting time (t(w)) dependence of ZFC relaxation measurements at T=50 K show weak dependence of relaxation rate [S(t)] on t(w) and dM/d ln(t) following a logarithmic variation in time. These features strongly support superparamagnetic (SPM) blocking of core particle moments at T-max. At T=20 K, S(t) attains a maximum at t(w)=1000 s that establishes freezing phenomenon occurring at T-S. The combination of topological disorder and magnetic phase separation may result in a magnetically disordered state at the grain surface. This, in turn, results in magnetically uncoupled assembly of nanoparticles that eventually exhibits SPM blocking. The glassy behavior at T-S has been attributed to the competing magnetic interactions stabilizing a spin-glass-like frozen state at the surface region of the nanometric grains.