Aegilops-Secale amphiploids: chromosome categorisation, pollen viability and identification of fungal disease resistance genes

The aim of this study was to assess the potential breeding value of goatgrass-rye amphiploids, which we are using as a bridge in a transfer of Aegilops chromatin (containing, e.g. leaf rust resistance genes) into triticale. We analysed the chromosomal constitution (by genomic in situ hybridisation, GISH), fertility (by pollen viability tests) and the presence of leaf rust and eyespot resistance genes (by molecular and endopeptidase assays) in a collection of 6x and 4x amphiploids originating from crosses between five Aegilops species and Secale cereale. In the five hexaploid amphiploids Aegilops kotschyi x Secale cereale (genome UUSSRR), Ae. variabilis x S. cereale (UUSSRR), Ae. biuncialis x S. cereale (UUMMRR; two lines) and Ae. ovata x S. cereale (UUMMRR), 28 Aegilops chromosomes were recognised, while in the Ae. tauschii x S. cereale amphiploid (4x; DDRR), only 14 such chromosomes were identified. In the materials, the number of rye chromosomes varied from 14 to 16. In one line of Ae. ovata x S. cereale, the U-R translocation was found. Pollen viability varied from 24.4 to 75.4%. The leaf rust resistance genes Lr22, Lr39 and Lr41 were identified in Ae. tauschii and the 4x amphiploid Ae. tauschii x S. cereale. For the first time, the leaf rust resistance gene Lr37 was found in Ae. kotschyi, Ae. ovata, Ae. biuncialis and amphiploids derived from those parental species. No eyespot resistance gene Pch1 was found in the amphiploids.