First detection of four viruses in honey bee (Apis mellifera) workers with and without deformed wings and Varroa destructor in Mexico

Little information exists in Mexico about the presence of viral diseases in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies and their association with Varroa destructor mites. Here we report the first investigation using molecular techniques, of honey bees and varroa mites tested for viruses in Mexico. Samples of varroa mites, worker pupae, and adult bees were collected from five colonies, four of which had a high proportion of workers with deformed wings. Varroa mite infestation rates were determined in worker brood and in adult bees. Samples were analysed by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) for sacbrood virus (SBV), deformed wing virus (DWV), acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) and Kashmir bee virus (KBV). Of the six viruses surveyed, four were found in adult bees (DWV, IAPV, ABPV and SBV), two in worker brood (DWV and IAPV) and two in varroa mites (DWV and IAPV). Only KBV and CBPV were not detected. This is the first molecular detection of these four viruses infecting honey bees and varroa mites in Mexico. The association of these viruses with V. destructor is discussed.