期刊
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
卷 69, 期 4, 页码 899-906出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt479
关键词
tcrB; multicopper oxidase; horizontal transfer; biocides; metals
资金
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia [PTDC/AAC-AMB/103386/2008, PEst-C/EQB/LA0006/2011, SFRH/BD/63955/2009]
- Investigacao Jovem da Universidade do Porto/Santander Totta [PP_IJUP2010-107]
- European Union [7FPEU-HEALTH-F3-2011-282004_EvoTAR]
- Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain [PI12/01581, PI10-02588]
- regional government of Madrid [S2010/BMD2414_PROMPT-CM]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PTDC/AAC-AMB/103386/2008, SFRH/BD/63955/2009] Funding Source: FCT
We studied the occurrence of diverse copper (Cu) tolerance genes from Gram-positive bacteria and their co-transfer with antibiotic resistance genes among Enterococcus from diverse sources. Enterococcus (n922) of several species and from human, animal, environment and food samples were included. Antimicrobial and CuSO4 susceptibility and conjugation assays were performed by standard procedures, bacterial screening of Cu and antibiotic resistance genes by PCR, and clonality by PFGE/multilocus sequence typing. tcrB and cueO genes occurred in 15 (n137/922) and 14 (n128/922) of isolates, respectively, with the highest occurrence in piggeries (P0.05). They were more frequent among Enterococcus faecium (tcrB: 23 versus 8 in Enterococcus faecalis and 12 in other species; cueO: 25 versus 5 and 9, respectively; P0.05). A correlation between phenotypic and genotypic assays was observed for most E. faecium (CuSO4 MIC(50)24 mM in tcrB/cueO versus CuSO4 MIC(50)12 mM in tcrB/cueO), but not for other species. Co-transfer of Cu tolerance (associated with tcrB, cueO or an unknown mechanism) with erythromycin, tetracycline, vancomycin, aminoglycosides or ampicillin resistance was demonstrated. A variety of PFGE types was detected among isolates carrying Cu tolerance mechanisms, some identified in sequence types (STs) often linked to human infections (E. faecium from ST18 and ST78 clonal lineages and E. faecalis clonal complex 2). Cu tolerance might contribute to the selection/maintenance of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus (including resistance to first-line antibiotics used to treat enterococcal infections) due to the use of Cu compounds (e.g. antiseptics/animal feed supplements). The distribution of the multicopper oxidase cueO and the co-transfer of ampicillin resistance along with Cu tolerance genes are described for the first time.
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