期刊
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
卷 82, 期 4, 页码 912-921出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12050
关键词
Arctic marine ecosystems; migratory behaviour; satellite-linked telemetry; sea ice break-up and freeze-up; seasonal habitat use; site fidelity; spatiotemporal mismatch
资金
- Arctic-Net
- Canadian Association of Zoos and Aquariums
- Canadian Wildlife Federation
- Care for the Wild International
- Churchill Northern Studies Centre
- Circumpolar/Boreal Alberta Research
- Department of Biological Sciences - University of Alberta
- Environment Canada
- Isdell Family Foundation
- Manitoba Conservation
- Manitoba Sustainable Development Innovations Fund
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Northern Science Training Program (Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada)
- Nunavut Wildlife Research Trust Fund
- Parks Canada Agency
- Polar Bears International
- Quark Expeditions
- Wildlife Media
- World Wildlife Fund (Canada)
Understanding how seasonal environmental conditions affect the timing and distribution of synchronized animal movement patterns is a central issue in animal ecology. Migration, a behavioural adaptation to seasonal environmental fluctuations, is a fundamental part of the life history of numerous species. However, global climate change can alter the spatiotemporal distribution of resources and thus affect the seasonal movement patterns of migratory animals. We examined sea ice dynamics relative to migration patterns and seasonal geographical fidelity of an Arctic marine predator, the polar bear (Ursus maritimus). Polar bear movement patterns were quantified using satellite-linked telemetry data collected from collars deployed between 1991-1997 and 2004-2009. We showed that specific sea ice characteristics can predict the timing of seasonal polar bear migration on and off terrestrial refugia. In addition, fidelity to specific onshore regions during the ice-free period was predicted by the spatial pattern of sea ice break-up but not by the timing of break-up. The timing of migration showed a trend towards earlier arrival of polar bears on shore and later departure from land, which has been driven by climate-induced declines in the availability of sea ice. Changes to the timing of migration have resulted in polar bears spending progressively longer periods of time on land without access to sea ice and their marine mammal prey. The links between increased atmospheric temperatures, sea ice dynamics, and the migratory behaviour of an ice-dependent species emphasizes the importance of quantifying and monitoring relationships between migratory wildlife and environmental cues that may be altered by climate change.
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