期刊
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
卷 42, 期 2, 页码 347-356出版社
IOS PRESS
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-140018
关键词
Alzheimer's disease; amyloid-beta; insulin receptor; neurofibrillary tangle; type 2 diabetes
资金
- Auburn University Intramural Grants program (AU-IGP), Alabama Agricultural Experimental Station, Hatch/Multistate Funding Program
- AUM
Epidemiological and observational studies indicate a positive correlation between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and dementia, with an increased risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) associated with insulin-treated diabetes patients. The purpose of this review is to reveal the molecular mechanisms that connect physiological and pathological processes commonly observed in T2DM and AD. Conformational modifications in peptide residues, such as amyloid-beta peptide in AD and amylin in T2DM have been shown to instigate formation of insoluble protein aggregates that get deposited in extracellular spaces of brain and pancreatic tissue thus disrupting their normal function. Impaired insulin signaling plays a critical role in AD pathogenesis by reducing IRS-associated PI3 kinase activity and increasing GSK-3 beta activity. GSK-3 beta has been suggested to be a component of the gamma-secretase complex and is involved in amyloid-beta protein precursor processing. GSK-3 beta along with CDK5 is responsible for hyperphosphorylation of tau leading to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. In summary, there is evidence to believe that a molecular link connects AD and T2DM and has potential for further investigation toward development of an effective therapeutic target.
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