In vivo biodistribution and clearance of peptide amphiphile micelles

Peptide amphiphiles (PAs) are promising biomaterials for medical applications. To translate the use of PAs successfully from laboratories to clinics, in vivo studies regarding the safety of these nanomaterials are required. To examine the toxicity and clearance of PA biomaterials, we intravenously administered cy7-labeled, spherical PA micelles, control micelles without a peptide sequence, or PBS in a murine model and investigated biocompatibility, biodistribution, and clearance. Both peptide and non-peptide labeled micelles were approximately 8 nm in diameter, but of opposite surface charge. Neither micelle type caused aggregation or hemolysis of red blood cells. All micelles primarily accumulated in the bladder and were present in urine samples confirming elimination through renal clearance. Ex vivo imaging showed that micelles were also found in the liver suggesting some involvement of the reticuloendothelial system. However, no evidence of toxicity was found within the liver, spleen, kidney, bladder, intestines, lung, and heart. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.