Structural Determination of a Nivalenol Glucoside and Development of an Analytical Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Nivalenol and Deoxynivalenol, and Their Glucosides, in Wheat

Trichothecene mycotoxins such as nivalenol and deoxynivalenol frequently contaminate foodstuffs. Recently, several trichothecene glucosides have been found in trichothecene-contaminated foods, and information about their chemistry, toxicity, and occurrence is required. In this study, a glucoside of nivalenol was isolated from nivalenol-contaminated wheat and was identified as nivalenol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside. Analytical methods using a multifunctional column or an immunoaffinity column have been developed for the simultaneous determination of nivalenol, nivalenol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, deoxynivalenol, and deoxynivalenol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside in wheat. The methods were validated in a single laboratory, and recovery from wheat samples spiked at four levels ranged between 86.4 and 103.5% for the immunoaffinity column cleanup. These mycotoxins in contaminated wheat samples were quantitated by the validated method. Nivalenol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside was detected in the nivalenol-contaminated wheat, and the percentage of nivalenol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside to nivalenol ranged from 12 to 27%. This result indicates that the analytical method developed in this study is useful for obtaining data concerning the state and level of food contamination by nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, and their glucosides.