期刊
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
卷 62, 期 41, 页码 10084-10091出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/jf503063b
关键词
toxicity; citrus essential oils; plant resistance; fruit flies; immature stages; host status
资金
- Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientacuifica y Tecnologica [BID-PICTO 2005 32932, BID-PICT 2006 1747]
- ANPCyT
- International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA [13015, 11894]
The toxicity of essential oils from the citrus peel has been proposed as the major resistance mechanism offered by citrus to fruit fly infestation. We evaluated the insecticidal activity of the ether extracts from the lemon (Citrus limon [L.] Burm.) and grapefruit (C. paradisi Macfadyen) peel as well as from limonene and citral against Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) immature stages. We also evaluated the toxicity of the extracts at two ripening stages. Extracts proved toxic to A. fraterculus egg and larvae. The lemon and grapefruit extracts showed the same toxicity in both fruit fly species. For A. fraterculus eggs, citral was more toxic than limonene; for larvae, they showed equal toxicity. Anastrepha fraterculus eggs were more sensitive than C. capitata eggs. In conclusion, we provide evidence of chemical resistance mechanisms that could account for the nonhost condition of lemon for A. fraterculus.
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