Isolation and Characterization of New p-Terphenyls with Antifungal, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities from Halophilic Actinomycete Nocardiopsis gilva YIM 90087

A new p-terphenyl 1 and a novel p-terphenyl derivative 3 bearing a benzothiazole moiety were isolated from halophilic actinomycete Nocardiopsis gilva YIM 90087, along with known p-terphenyl 2, antibiotic novobiocin 4, cyclodipeptides 5-13, and aromatic acids 14 and 15. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of the interpretation of spectral data and by comparison of the corresponding data with those reported previously. The p-terphenyl 1 showed antifungal activity against the three pathogenic fungi, including Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium graminearum, and Fusarium culmorum, that caused Fusarium head blight with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 8, 16, and 128 mu g/mL, respectively. Compound 1 showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans with a MIC of 32 mu g/mL and antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with a MIC of 64 mu g/mL. Novobiocin 4 showed antifungal activity against Pyricularia oryzae with a MIC of 16 mu g/mL and antibacterial activity against B. subtilis with a MIC of 16 mu g/mL and Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC of 64 mu g/mL. The 1,1-diplkenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl assay suggested that 1, 3, and 4 exhibited 54.9% (2 mg/mL), 14.3% (4 mg/mL), and 47.7% (2 mg/mL) free radical scavenging activity, respectively. The positively charged 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical (ABTS(+center dot)) scavenging assay indicated that 1, 3, 4, and 8 exhibited 68.6% (1 mg/mL), 28.4% (2 mg/mL), 78.2% (0.5 mg/mL), and 54.6% (2 mg/mL) ABTS(+center dot) scavenging capacity, respectively. The superoxide anion radical scavenging assay suggested that 4 exhibited 77.9% superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity at 2 mg/mL. N. gilva YIM 90087 is a new resource for novobiocin 4.