In Vitro Dissolution and in Vivo Absorption of Calcium [1-14C] Butyrate in Free or Protected Forms

Butyrate is a byproduct of microbial carbohydrate fermentation that occurs primarily in the large intestine. When added to feed, butyrate quickly disappears in the upper digestive tract. Because butyrate is important for epithelial cell development, mucosal integrity, and animal growth, an encapsulation technique has been developed that allows for the slow release of butyrate into the small and large intestines. The purpose of this study was to describe the in vitro release of calcium [1-C-14]butyrate, formulated into a slow-release (protected) bead, into water and simulated intestinal fluids and to compare the in vivo absorption and disposition of unprotected versus protected calcium [1-C-14]butyrate in broiler chicks. Formulation of calcium [1-C-14]butyrate into protected beads allowed release of 5.8 +/- 0.2 and 3.4 +/- 0.2% of the formulated radiocarbon into water and gastric fluid, respectively, after 2 h of incubation. Beads incubated in gastric fluid for 2 h and subsequently incubated in simulated intestinal fluid released a total of 17.4 +/- 0.8% of the formulated radioactivity. Release of respiratory [C-14]CO2 after oral dosing of aqueous calcium [1-C-14]butyrate in broiler chicks peaked at 15.2 +/- 5.2% per hour 1.5 h after dosing; in contrast, maximal rates of release in chicks dosed with protected calcium [1-C-14]butyrate occurred 4 h after dosing at 9.0 +/- 3.1% per hour. The data suggested an improved efficacy of protected butyrate delivery to intestinal tissues over nonprotected butyrate. This study confirmed that encapsulation strategies designed to enhance delivery of ingredients to improve intestinal health are effective at prolonging intestinal exposure to butyrate. Encapsulation of such ingredients might benefit the food and feed industries.