Luminescence Screening of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin Residues in Swine Liver after Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Cleanup

A luminescence method was developed to screen residues of enrofloxacin (ENRO) and its metabolite, ciprofloxacin (CIPRO), in swine liver. Target analytes were extracted in acetonitrile/1.5% trifluoroacetic acid/NaCl, cleaned up by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), and finally detected by terbium-sensitized luminescence (TSL) using a time-resolved luminescence photometer. CIPRO yielded slightly lower TSL response than ENRO, so a common threshold was derived from CIPRO and applied to both fluoroquinolones. Among 37 samples randomly spiked with CIPRO or ENRO up to 1 mu g/g, all 19 samples spiked above the 500 ng/g tolerance were correctly screened as positive with no false negatives, but 3 of 18 samples spiked below 500 ng/g were classified as positive. This method minimized the use of chlorinated solvents and significantly improved sample throughput.