Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticle Promotes the Stability of Quercetin in Simulated Intestinal Fluid

Quercetin (Que) is a flavonoid widely distributed in vegetables and fruits and exhibits strong antioxidant activity, but the poor stability of Que limits its function and application. The present study developed a nanoparticle (NP) using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a matrix to encapsulate Que. The stability of encapsulated Que by BSA NP was tracked in a simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The antioxidant activity of encapsulated Que was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. Furthermore, the stabilizing mechanism of Que by BSA NP was investigated, using scanning transmisson electron microscopy (STEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-vis, fluorescence spectrometry, and circular dichroism (CD). The results revealed that Que was effectively encapsulated by BSA and formed spherical NP (<10 nm). BSA NP not only promoted the stability of encapsulated Que but also kept the antioxidant activity of encapsulated Que. The driving forces for BSA-Que association were hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond, and the latter was involved in the mechanism of Que stabilization. This suggested that BSA NP could be a good carrier to deliver hydrophobic flavonols.