Inhibition of Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication by the Green Tea Polyphenol (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate in Normal Rat Liver Epithelial Cells

(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a polyphenolic compound found in green tea, is a promising chemopreventive agent against cancer due to its strong anti proliferative effects on cancer cells; however, its possible toxicity and carcinogenicity must be investigated before EGCG can be used as a dietary supplement for chemoprevention. The inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is strongly associated with carcinogenesis, particularly the tumor promotion process; thus, we investigated the effects of EGCG on GJ1C in WB-F344 normal rat liver epithelial (FILE) cells. EGCG, but not (-)-epicatechin (EC), another polyphenol found in green tea, inhibited GJIC in a dose-dependent and reversible manner in FILE cells. EGCG also induced the phosphorylation of connexin 43 (Cx43), a major regulator of GJIC. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) was also observed in EGCG-treated FILE cells. The inhibition of GJIC and phosphorylation of Cx43 and ERK1/2 by EGCG were completely blocked by U0126, a pharmacological inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase. EGCG generated a larger amount of hydrogen peroxide than EC in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, catalase partially inhibited the EGCG-induced inhibition of GJIC and the phosphorylation of Cx43 and ERK1/2. These results indicated that EGCG inhibited GJIC mainly due to its prooxidant activity.