期刊
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY, VOL 66
卷 66, 期 -, 页码 211-241出版社
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050213-040212
关键词
plastid transformation; chloroplast transformation; reverse genetics; metabolic engineering; molecular farming; experimental evolution; horizontal gene transfer
The small bacterial-type genome of the plastid (chloroplast) can be engineered by genetic transformation, generating cells and plants with transgenic plastid genomes, also referred to as transplastomic plants. The transformation process relies on homologous recombination, thereby facilitating the site-specific alteration of endogenous plastid genes as well as the precisely targeted insertion of foreign genes into the plastid DNA. The technology has been used extensively to analyze chloroplast gene functions and study plastid gene expression at all levels in vivo. Over the years, a large toolbox has been assembled that is now nearly comparable to the techniques available for plant nuclear transformation and that has enabled new applications of transplastomic technology in basic and applied research. This review describes the state of the art in engineering the plastid genomes of algae and land plants (Embryophyta). It provides an overview of the existing tools for plastid genome engineering, discusses current technological limitations, and highlights selected applications that demonstrate the immense potential of chloroplast transformation in several key areas of plant biotechnology.
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