期刊
MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS
卷 792, 期 -, 页码 1-11出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.08.006
关键词
Nano-silymarin; gamma-Irradiation; HEK cells; Reactive oxygen species; Flow cytometry
资金
- DRDO
- General-Life Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Government of India
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
Radiation can produce biological damage, mainly oxidative stress, via production of free radicals, including reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nanoparticles are of interest as radioprotective agents, particularly due to their high solubility and bioavailability. Silymarin is a hepatoprotective agent but has poor oral bioavailability. Silymarin was formulated as a nanoemulsion with the aim of improving its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. In the present study, we evaluated self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) formulated with surfactants and co-surfactants. Nano-silymarin was characterized by estimating % transmittance, globule size, and polydispersity index, and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nano-silymarin obtained was in the range of 3-8 nm diameter. With regard to DNA damage, measured by a plasmid relaxation assay, maximum protection was obtained at 10 mu g/mL. Cytotoxicity of nano-silymarin to human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MU) assay. Protective efficacy against gamma-radiation was assessed by reduction in micronucleus frequency and ROS generation, using the 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H(2)DCFDA) assay. Radiation-induced apoptosis was estimated by microscopic analysis and cell-cycle estimation. Nano-silymarin was radioprotective, supporting the possibility of developing new approaches to radiation protection via nanotechnology. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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