期刊
JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
卷 151, 期 2, 页码 329-336出版社
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s10336-009-0459-2
关键词
Black-legged Kittiwake; Lesser Black-backed Gull; Common Guillemot; At-sea activity; Time-activity budget Seasonality
类别
资金
- Federal Environmental Ministry (BMU)
- Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN)
- Landesbetrieb fur Kustenschutz, Nationalpark und Meeresschutz Schleswig-Holstein (LKN, formerly NPA SH)
- Niedersachsischer Landesbetrieb fur Wasserwirtschaft,
- Federal Environmental Ministry
We assessed seasonal differences in at-sea activity of Lesser Black-backed Gulls Larus fuscus, Black-legged Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla and Common Guillemots Uria aalge in the south-eastern North Sea. The three species correspond to different ecological groups, with Lesser Black-backed Gulls representing omnivorous generalists, Kittiwakes representing surface-feeding pelagic seabirds, and Guillemots representing pursuit-diving pelagic seabirds. Using data from aerial surveys, we differentiated between active (flying or scavenging at fishing vessels) and inactive behaviour (swimming). We estimated the activity budgets of all three species for the different seasons and tested for differences in activity between different seasons. All species exhibited significant seasonal differences in activity, with the highest levels of activity observed during the breeding season. Numbers of flying auks were, however, exceptionally low in autumn due to moult and guarding of not-yet fledged chicks at sea. Our results underline the high energetic demands of the breeding season that lead to increased foraging and travelling activity.
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