期刊
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
卷 454, 期 2, 页码 1848-1870出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stv2084
关键词
MHD; stars: black holes; Galaxy: centre; galaxies: jets; galaxies: nuclei
资金
- NSF [AST 13-33612, TG-AST100040]
- NASA [NNX10AD03G, NAS8-03060]
- Simons Investigator Award from the Simons Foundation
- David and Lucile Packard Foundation
- Illinois Distinguished Fellowship from the University of Illinois
- NASA - Chandra X-ray Center [PF3-140131]
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Astronomical Sciences [1333682, 1333091] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Astronomical Sciences
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1333612] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- NASA [135909, NNX10AD03G] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
Simple assumptions made regarding electron thermodynamics often limit the extent to which general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations can be applied to observations of low-luminosity accreting black holes. We present, implement, and test a model that self-consistently evolves an entropy equation for the electrons and takes into account the effects of spatially varying electron heating and relativistic anisotropic thermal conduction along magnetic field lines. We neglect the backreaction of electron pressure on the dynamics of the accretion flow. Our model is appropriate for systems accreting at << 10(-5) of the Eddington accretion rate, so radiative cooling by electrons can be neglected. It can be extended to higher accretion rates in the future by including electron cooling and proton-electron Coulomb collisions. We present a suite of tests showing that our method recovers the correct solution for electron heating under a range of circumstances, including strong shocks and driven turbulence. Our initial applications to axisymmetric simulations of accreting black holes show that (1) physically motivated electron heating rates that depend on the local magnetic field strength yield electron temperature distributions significantly different from the constant electron-to-proton temperature ratios assumed in previous work, with higher electron temperatures concentrated in the coronal region between the disc and the jet; (2) electron thermal conduction significantly modifies the electron temperature in the inner regions of black hole accretion flows if the effective electron mean free path is larger than the local scaleheight of the disc (at least for the initial conditions and magnetic field configurations we study). The methods developed in this work are important for producing more realistic predictions for the emission from accreting black holes such as Sagittarius A* and M87; these applications will be explored in future work.
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