A reliable iterative method for solving Volterra integro-differential equations and some applications for the Lane-Emden equations of the first kind

In this paper, we implement the new iterative method proposed by Daftardar-Gejji and Jafari namely new iterative method (DJM) to solve the linear and non-linear Volterra integro-differential equations and systems of linear and non-linear Volterra integro-differential equations. The applications of the DJM for solving the resulting equations of the non-linear Volterra integro-differential equations forms of the Lane-Emden equations are presented. The Volterra integro-differential equations forms of the Lane-Emden equation overcome the singular behaviour at the origin x = 0 of the original differential equation. Some examples are solved and different cases of the Lane-Emden equations of first kind are presented. Moreover, the DJM is applied to solve the system of the linear and non-linear Volterra integro-differential forms of the Lane-Emden equations. The results demonstrate that the method has many merits such as being derivative-free, and overcoming the difficulty arising in calculating Adomian polynomials to handle the non-linear terms in Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM). It does not require to calculate Lagrange multiplier in Variational Iteration Method (VIM) and no need to construct a homotopy in Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) and solve the corresponding algebraic equations.