期刊
ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY, VOL 84
卷 84, 期 -, 页码 895-921出版社
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-033930
关键词
biofilm; cellulose synthase; cyclic di-GNIP; exopolysaccharide biosynthesis; processive glycosyltransferase; membrane transport
资金
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [R01GM101001] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM101001, 1R01GM101001] Funding Source: Medline
Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth, and certain organisms from bacteria to plants and animals synthesize cellulose as an extracellular polymer for various biological functions. Humans have used cellulose for millennia as a material and an energy source, and the advent of a lignocellulosic fuel industry will elevate it to the primary carbon source for the burgeoning renewable energy sector. Despite the biological and societal importance of cellulose, the molecular mechanism by which it is synthesized is now only beginning to emerge. On the basis of recent advances in structural and molecular biology on bacterial cellulose synthases, we review emerging concepts of how the enzymes polymerize glucose molecules, how the nascent polymer is transported across the plasma membrane, and how bacterial cellulose biosynthesis is regulated during biolilm formation. Additionally, we review evolutionary conumnalities and differences between cellulose synthases that modulate the nature of the cellulose product formed.
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